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1. Many youth end up in the juvenile justice system for all of the following reasons, except:
A. The seriousness of their crime.
B. Appropriate community-based treatments and services to address their specific needs are lacking.
C. Their conditions have not been recognized.
D. The relevant service systems are not coordinating effectively.
2. To effectively identify and respond to youth with behavioral health conditions in contact with the juvenile justice system, which of the following specialized approaches must be adopted?
A. Integrate a wide array of service agencies and court processes.
B. Coordinate mental health and substance use services and supports.
C. Emphasize early intervention.
D. All of the above.
3. Children exposed to violence are more likely to experience difficulties in school and work settings and to engage in delinquent behaviors that may lead to contact with the juvenile and criminal justice systems.
A. True
B. False
4. Among youth in the juvenile justice system, prior traumatic-event exposure is associated with higher rates of:
A. Mental and substance abuse disorders
B. Academic problems
C. Suicide attempts
D. All of the above
5. Approximately _____% of youth in juvenile detention facilities report a history of exposure to at least one potentially traumatic event.
A. 90
B. 75
C. 50
D. 30
6. It appears that trauma-related disorders arise from a combination of one’s biological and psychological makeup, family and peer relationships, other environmental factors, and exposure to traumatic events.
A. True
B. False
7. All of the following preexisting factors make some youth more vulnerable to processing potentially traumatic events in a negative way, except for:
A. Mental disorders
B. Substance use disorders
C. Low educational attainment
D. Experience with prior traumatic events
8. Traumatic stress resulting from external events that are internalized may lead to wide-ranging behavioral manifestations, which for adolescents include:
A. Anger, aggression, oppositional, and defiant behaviors.
B. Conduct disorders.
C. Alterations in developmental maturation.
D. All of the above.
9. A traumatic event by itself will always lead to PTSD and other trauma-related disorders.
A. True
B. False
10. An accident or severe illness leading to a disabling condition will be less likely to lead to reactions such as emotional numbing or aggression than interpersonal traumas such as rape or abuse.
A. True
B. False
11. Actions that do not respect the law or other persons’ rights and welfare can result when a youth experiencing traumatic stress shifts into survival mode and sees no way to solve problems and achieve goals that are important to him or her except by desperate measures, is which of the following?
A. Aggression
B. Conduct disorder
C. Oppositional-defiant behavior
D. Problems with personal boundaries
12. Punitive sanctions designed to provoke fear may worsen traumatic stress.
A. True
B. False
13. A trauma-informed approach should advance clinical outcomes that include all of the following, except:
A. Increased identification of youth with PTSD and other trauma-related disorders.
B. Improved relationships with families and peers.
C. Increased number of youth treated for traumatic stress by clinicians skilled in such treatment.
D. An increase in the number of youth families and caregivers educated about trauma and capable of supporting children in their care.
14. A trauma-informed approach for youth in contact with probation should not be a community responsibility.
A. True
B. False
15. A community task force or coalition should:
A. Design services.
B. Design interagency agreements.
C. Ensure that evidence-based and best-practice protocols are followed.
D. All of the above.
16. An important principle in a cross-system policy framework design is that:
A. It must be hard-wired into practices and procedures of the organization.
B. Policies and procedures should guide staff on how to respond appropriately to youth who are affected by trauma-related disorders.
C. Each partner and stakeholder’s internal policies and procedures be consistent with overall community goals.
D. Universal screening procedures are always conducted.
17. Probation departments must establish information-sharing agreements with providers and other departments which include all of the following, except for:
A. Information that allows probation officers to understand treatment goals.
B. Information that allows probation officers to follow treatment progress.
C. Information that allows probation officers to make referrals for clinical assessments.
D. Information that helps probation officers respond to youth behavioral challenges that arise over the course of the supervision process.
18. How can the physical arrangement of offices be made to feel welcoming?
A. The probation officer should sit next to a youth or face him or her.
B. The youth should have to go around the probation officer to leave an office.
C. Probation staff should sit behind a desk when developing diversion or supervision plans with youth.
D. Any of the above.
19. A trauma-informed approach requires one to condone delinquent or other misbehaviors.
A. True
B. False
20. When probation staff consistently model appropriate ways of expressing feelings, they help foster more open and honest communications from the youth they serve.
A. True
B. False
21. Which of the following foster a safe and supportive atmosphere?
A. Motivational interviewing techniques can build therapeutic alliances facilitating engagement of seemingly disaffected adolescents and young adults.
B. Steps should be taken to assure each youth that he or she is safe, both physically and emotionally.
C. Avoid blaming the youth and treating him or her as a bad person.
D. All of the above.
22. Providing a safe and secure environment for children is a basic family function and is imperative in the treatment of trauma-related symptoms, which includes all of the following, except:
A. Parent / caregiver leadership.
B. Authoritarian parenting style.
C. Straightforward and fair rules and disciplinary practices.
D. Consistent supervision of school and community behaviors.
23. Engaging families in treatment to repair trust, heal their own traumas, and learn new parenting / caregiving behaviors can lead to their own healing and support the youth’s healing.
A. True
B. False
24. Bringing the principles of shared responsibility and continuity of care, which are critical elements of an effective system, to the individual youth level means providing care:
A. To the entire family.
B. As a team.
C. On a one-on-one basis.
D. In a safe and predictable environment.
25. Informed consent for sharing of personal treatment information must clearly identify all of the following, except for:
A. What information will be shared.
B. Who will receive the information.
C. The length of time the information will be shared.
D. The purpose for sharing the information.
26. Comprehensive care must be continuous until the person is able to function effectively without ongoing support.
A. True
B. False
27. The capacity to execute any practice with fidelity is contingent upon:
A. The adequacy of resources available.
B. The training of the healthcare professional.
C. The approach used.
D. All of the above.
28. Angry reactions to youth behaviors will likely reinforce their belief that adults cannot be trusted and that learned maladaptive behaviors are essential for self-protection.
A. True
B. False
29. Selection of a particular screening instrument should take into consideration:
A. The age of the individual being screened.
B. Who is available to complete the screen.
C. The nature of the problem for which one is screening.
D. All of the above.
30. Vicarious trauma is:
A. Created by reactions to the job itself caused by feelings such as resentment over low pay or lack of advancement, boredom, or a sense of not being appreciated sufficiently.
B. The result of internal feelings triggered by compassion and possibly empathy for victims.
C. Burnout.
D. All of the above.
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