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1. The justice-involved population is more likely than the general population to suffer from:
A. Chronic physical health conditions.
B. Mental health conditions.
C. Substance abuse conditions.
D. All of the above.
2. Community-based health providers are likely to have clients in common with the criminal justice system, especially in distressed communities.
A. True
B. False
3. Coordinated care has been shown to result in:
A. Improvements in post-release reintegration.
B. Lower healthcare expenditures for populations with multiple health needs.
C. Improvements in post-release employment.
D. Decreased reoffending.
4. Criminal justice and community-based agencies often conduct similar assessments and collect similar information when each system encounters clients. By sharing information, agencies can:
A. Capitalize on information obtained by those best equipped to collect it.
B. Reduce errors.
C. Decrease staff time spent on gathering information.
D. All of the above.
5. The overarching goal of information exchange between community-based health providers and the criminal justice system is to:
A. Promote treatment continuity of care for the benefit of both the individual and overall public safety.
B. Facilitate alternatives to incarceration.
C. Improve the quality of offender reentry into the community.
D. Reduce the likelihood of recidivism and reduce redundant re-assessment.
6. Diversion programs need strong collaborations between the health and justice systems, and information sharing is an important part of this collaboration to do all of the following, except:
A. Demonstrate eligibility for the diversion program by documenting behavioral health problems that, if treated, may reduce criminal behavior.
B. Monitor compliance with the program through attendance records, drug testing results, and progress reports.
C. Increase accuracy and timeliness of information enabling more effective continuity of care.
D. Promote compliance through increased awareness of court conditions, dates of court appearances, and dates of meetings with supervision officers.
7. Various agencies at different points in the criminal justice system have responsibility for supervising individuals in the community, and have common needs for health information, including:
A. Matching individuals to appropriate community-based programs to meet service needs and reduce re-offending.
B. Monitoring compliance with supervision conditions such as drug testing and program attendance.
C. Responding to noncompliance with appropriate sanctions.
D. All of the above.
8. Efficiencies can be gained if justice supervision agencies are able to access program attendance and drug testing records from health programs, such as addiction treatment centers.
A. True
B. False
9. Jail or prison health records may be the most comprehensive source of medical history information.
A. True
B. False
10. Community-based health providers could use health records from the justice system to supplement what they learn from their initial encounter with a patient, and with this can make an informed decision as to whether to continue previous treatment approaches.
A. True
B. False
11. Clinicians in correctional settings have a responsibility to notify the local health department of reportable communicable diseases and electronic transmission may increase the efficiency, timeliness, and completeness of reporting.
A. True
B. False
12. The range of information that would be valuable to exchange includes:
A. Program attendance
B. Health diagnoses
C. Drug testing results
D. All of the above
13. Making community-based treatment records accessible to the criminal justice system upon an individual’s entry into custody can:
A. Improve initial assessments.
B. Minimize disruptions in treatment.
C. Enhance security.
D. All of the above.
14. The prevalence rates for which disease are up to 10-fold greater for incarcerated persons than for the general population?
A. HIV / AIDS
B. Tuberculosis
C. Hepatitis C
D. Schizophrenia
15. The health problems of the criminal justice population are important because of correlations with poor reintegration outcomes and repeated cycling through the criminal justice system.
A. True
B. False
16. Untreated substance abuse increases the likelihood of re-incarceration for all of the following reasons, except for:
A. The acquisition and possession of many drugs is illegal.
B. Many drug sales are sting operations to arrest purchasers of illegal drugs.
C. Users often engage in criminal activity to finance drug purchases.
D. Users risk violence and arrest when accessing the illegal drug market.
17. While inmates often receive health care in prison, the transition to the community can be risky. The first _______ after release, in particular, are associated with a 12-fold increase in mortality.
A. Two weeks
B. Four weeks
C. Two months
D. Six months
18. The sharing of health information from the criminal justice system to community-based providers:
A. Supports pre-release planning.
B. Informs community-based providers about health care received during incarceration.
C. Facilitates informed decision-making about treatment continuity.
D. All of the above.
19. If the sender of health information is a Covered Entity as defined by HIPAA, then patient authorization is not needed to transfer personal health information.
A. True
B. False
20. Health privacy laws are intended to reduce barriers to needed care by assuring clients of the confidentiality of their sensitive health information, thus shielding individuals from which of the following?
A. Shame or embarrassment
B. Discrimination
C. Bodily harm
D. All of the above
21. Health providers and criminal justice entities are generally defined as Covered Entities under HIPAA.
A. True
B. False
22. Health providers and non-Covered Entity agencies may need to enter into formal Business Associate Agreements specifying standards for data protection in order to exchange information.
A. True
B. False
23. All of the following instances of protected health information disclosure to criminal justice entities are permissible without client authorization, except for:
A. Required crime reporting.
B. Diagnosis of a communicable disease.
C. Under court order, warrant, subpoena, or administrative request.
D. Certain emergency situations.
24. 42 CFR Part 2 permits substance abuse treatment records to be shared with the criminal justice system for which of the following?
A. To confirm treatment as a condition of their prosecution.
B. To identify patients.
C. To investigate patients.
D. To criminally prosecute patients.
25. By law, clients must grant their approval to release health information and to be informed of how the information may be used.
A. True
B. False
26. Consent documents should be tailored to the literacy level of health care and criminal justice professionals.
A. True
B. False
27. Both the sender and recipient of protected health information need to maintain evidence of the client’s consent to transmit information, as well as the terms and conditions of the consent.
A. True
B. False
28. Time limits / expiration dates cannot be placed on client consent to share information.
A. True
B. False
29. In order for health information to be exchanged between justice and health systems, both must have electronic health records systems.
A. True
B. False
30. Data segmentation:
A. Refers to the process of sequestering from capture, access, or view certain data elements that are perceived by a legal entity, institution, organization, or individual as being undesirable to share.
B. Allows for the disaggregation of specific data elements and for the application to specific elements more or less restrictive policies and authorizations relating to exchange.
C. Can increase authorized sharing of protected health information as well as the application of information exchange policies that limit unauthorized release of protected information.
D. All of the above.
31. The use of outdated health information has the potential to cause negative outcomes and to increase liability, therefore developing parameters around the age of information to be included in an exchange is a key implementation issue.
A. True
B. False
32. There is a risk that the use of historical rather than current information would lead to pre-determined or prejudicial, and potentially inappropriate, responses in an encounter with law enforcement.
A. True
B. False
33. Without trust that the shared information will lead to mutually agreed-upon, appropriate responses, parties may withhold information instead of freely exchanging it.
A. True
B. False
34. Which of the following is the correct flow of information when an emergency response dispatcher and/or law enforcement officer receives an indicator of whether a person involved in a CFS has mental health or substance abuse problems in order to formulate an appropriate response?
A. Health care provider —> Law Enforcement
B. Law Enforcement, Prosecutor, or Defense Attorney —> Health —> Law Enforcement, Prosecutor, or Defense Attorney
C. Dispatch Center or Law Enforcement —> Mental Health & Substance Abuse Treatment Providers —> Dispatch Center or Law Enforcement
D. State Criminal Justice Agency —> Substance Abuse and Mental Health Providers —> State Criminal Justice Agency
35. Which of the following is the correct flow of information when law enforcement receives a report of suspected child abuse, intimate partner violence, or elder abuse from health providers in order to initiate and investigation?
A. Health care provider —> Law Enforcement
B. Law Enforcement, Prosecutor, or Defense Attorney —> Health —> Law Enforcement, Prosecutor, or Defense Attorney
C. Dispatch Center or Law Enforcement —> Mental Health & Substance Abuse Treatment Providers —> Dispatch Center or Law Enforcement
D. State Criminal Justice Agency —> Substance Abuse and Mental Health Providers —> State Criminal Justice Agency
36. Individuals released from prisons and jails represent a substantial share of the U.S. population carrying communicable diseases, and appropriate interventions - especially upon return to the community - present a significant public health opportunity.
A. True
B. False
37. Which of the following is a benefit of a new automated process for reentry into the community after incarceration?
A. More information readily accessible.
B. More accurate and up to date information provided.
C. Reduction of staff effort, and therefore reduced time and cost.
D. All of the above.
38. Enhancing continuity of care could involve inter- and intra-agency case management coordination and communication.
A. True
B. False
39. Current Federal regulations allow Medicaid to reimburse for care that is provided during incarceration.
A. True
B. False
40. Electronic transfer of admission and release dates to the Medicaid agency can enhance the efficiency of suspension and reinstatement of benefits of those in prison or jail.
A. True
B. False
41. A secondary benefit of electronic transfer of admission and release dates to the Medicaid agency is to avoid the lapse in treatment after release allowing continuous care of seriously ill persons being released from custody.
A. True
B. False
42. Authorized legal disclosures, without consent, include disclosures for routine health care operations and research.
A. True
B. False
43. Protected health information may be released without patient consent to law enforcement authorities under which circumstance?
A. To identify or locate a suspect, fugitive, material witness, or missing person.
B. To alert law enforcement personnel of the person’s death if the covered entity believes that criminal activity caused the death.
C. When a covered entity believes that protected health information is evidence of a crime that occurred on its premises.
D. All of the above.
44. Health Level Seven International does all of the following, except for:
A. HL7 develops software.
B. HL7 creates standards that allow healthcare information to be communicated across and between healthcare enterprises and communities.
C. HL7 standards facilitate the exchange of clinical and administrative data among health information systems.
D. HL7 provides a comprehensive framework and related standards for the exchange, integration, sharing, and retrieval of electronic health information that supports clinical practice and the management, delivery, and evaluation of health services.
45. The principles of service-oriented architecture includes which of the following?
A. When partners share information between justice systems, they implement a layer of technology in between so that the systems are insulated from one another.
B. Information sharing projects follow accepted and well-established open-industry standards whenever possible, rather than solutions and approaches proprietary to particular vendors.
C. By adopting a formal governance structure, the partners strive for a common approach and a common technology infrastructure, rather than doing things on a project- or agency-specific basis.
D. All of the above.
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