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Pharmacologic Treatment for PTSD and Opioid Use Disorders

1. Which of the following is an accurate statement about the prevalence of PTSD?

A. The lifetime prevalence of PTSD in adults in the United States is approximately 5 percent, and past year prevalence is about 3 percent

B. The lifetime prevalence of PTSD among women is 2.5 times that of men, and the 12-month prevalence for women is nearly three times that of men

C. Lifetime prevalence for Vietnam veterans is 25.4 percent for men and 23.2 percent for women, with current prevalence of 13.5 percent for men and 6.1 percent for women

D. Among those with PTSD, substance use disorders occur in 26-54 percent of the population


2. Untreated PTSD in opioid dependent individuals receiving opioid dependence therapies has been associated with ongoing mental, physical, and occupational disability, despite improvements in substance abuse.

A. True

B. False


3. Symptoms of PTSD tend to improve with opioid therapy in those with co-occurring PTSD and opioid dependence which may make treatment for the opioid dependence more complicated.

A. True

B. False


4. Which of the following is NOT one of the psychosocial interventions recommended for individuals with PTSD and opioid disorders?

A. Relapse prevention

B. Contingency management

C. Guided self-help

D. Teaching coping skills


Guidelines-Concomitant Treatment

5. If an individual is diagnosed with co-occurring mental and substance use disorders (COD), specific treatment should be initiated for both disorders and should occur concurrently using effective psychosocial interventions and pharmacotherapies.

A. True

B. False


Pharmacotherapy-PTSD

6. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRI) that have approved by the FDA as first line treatments for PTSD are:

A. Imipramine and amitriptyline

B. Phenelzine and nefazodone

C. Mirtazepine and prazosin

D. Sertraline and paroxetine


7. Benzodiazepines should not be used to treat PTSD, but they may be used  with other anxiety disorders in unique circumstances with clear guidelines.

A. True

B. False


Pharmacotherapy-Opioid Dependence

8. Current FDA-approved pharmacotherapies for opioid dependence include buprenorphine, methadone, and naltrexone, and buprenorphine has been endorsed as the preferred treatment for those with co-occurring disorders.

A. True

B. False


Longitudinal Care

9. It is possible that as opioid use diminishes through treatment, PTSD symptoms may either emerge or worsen because substances sometimes obscure PTSD symptoms.

A. True

B. False


Polysubstance Abuse

10. While there are no accepted effective pharmacotherapies for cannabis, cocaine, or amphetamine use disorders, ongoing use of these substances may reduce the effectiveness of treatments initiated for opioid dependence and PTSD.

A. True

B. False


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