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1. A meta-analysis of studies using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory found that _____ was the most common NPS.
A. Depression
B. Aggression
C. Apathy
D. Irritability
2. Among cognitively normal individuals, symptoms of all of the following predict more rapid cognitive decline, except for:
A. Depression
B. Irritability
C. Agitation
D. Sleep disturbances
3. Which of the following is typically the first phase of NPSs to emerge?
A. Anxiety, appetite changes, agitation, and apathy
B. Irritability, depression, and nighttime behavior changes
C. Elation, motor disturbances, hallucinations, delusions, and disinhibition
D. Euphoria, hallucinations, and nighttime behavior changes
4. Which part of the brain, influenced by AD, is important for the regulation of appetite, sleep, and circadian rhythms, and mediates many aspects of emotional experience?
A. Amygdala
B. Hypothalamus
C. Locus coeruleus
D. Basal nucleus of Meynert
5. All of the following are true with regard to hallucinations in AD, except for:
A. Hallucinations occur more frequently than delusions.
B. Hallucinations rarely occur in isolation.
C. Hallucinations are usually visual, less commonly auditory, and rarely tactile or olfactory.
D. Hallucinations are phenomenologically different to those in schizophrenia, psychotic depression, or mania.
6. Individuals with mild cognitive impairment who develop delusions also have greater gray-matter atrophy, particularly in the right frontal areas that regulate inhibitory control.
A. True
B. False
7. Misidentifications, which might be understood as a disconnect between memory and familiarity, are associated with lower cell counts in the dorsal raphe nucleus.
A. True
B. False
8. _____ and psychosis together are predictive of more rapid decline, increased institutionalization, and earlier death.
A. Depression
B. Sleep disturbances
C. Agitation
D. Apathy
9. Treatment of pain has been shown to alleviate agitation in persons with dementia.
A. True
B. False
10. Open label studies showed improvement in apathy for which cholinesterase inhibitor?
A. Donepezil
B. Galantamine
C. Rivastigmine
D. Donepezil, galantamine, and rivastigmine all showed improvement in apathy
11. Which of the following is a predictor of progression from normal cognition to mild cognitive impairment and from mild cognitive impairment to dementia?
A. Depression
B. Irritability
C. Agitation
D. Sleep disturbances
12. Continuous positive airway pressure for sleep apnea may delay the progression of cognitive impairment in patients with sleep apnea.
A. True
B. False
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