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Cancer Research Updates

Rare, But Not Forgotten

1. In the United States, more than one in _____ individuals will be diagnosed with cancer over a lifetime.

A. 2

B. 3

C. 4

D. 5


Radiating Good Health

2. Primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma mainly affects people of what age?

A. Teens and twenties

B. Thirties and forties

C. Sixties and older

D. All ages equally


3. Because individuals clear drugs that enter the body at different rates, the same dose administered systemically will not result in the same concentration of drug at the tumor.

A. True

B. False


Dramatic Responses in a Rare Type of Sarcoma

4. Sunitinib is a drug that acts to:

A. Inhibit vascular endothelial growth factor receptors

B. Activate receptor phosphatases

C. Inhibit receptor kinases

D. None of the above


The GIST of One Cancer: Two Distinct Molecular Diseases

5. A subset of GIST tumors harbor different mutations in the genes encoding subunits of which enzyme of the Krebs cycle?

A. Succinate dehydrogenase

B. Pyruvate dehydrogenase

C. Citrate synthase

D. Aconitase


6. Which DNA modification was found to include tumors with all known SDH mutations?

A. Phosphorylation

B. Acetylation

C. Ribosylation

D. Methylation


A Bias for Memory

7. In contrast to normal cells, cancer cells employ aerobic fatty acid oxidation to generate the energy needed for cellular growth.

A. True

B. False


Fast Track to the Clinic

8. Moxetumomab pasudotox, an immunotoxin, seeks out differentiated T cells.

A. True

B. False


RAS Takes Center Stage

9. Dimerization is critical to RAF activation.

A. True

B. False


10. The enzymatic activity of which ligase is important for KRAS-driven transformation?

A. E1

B. E2

C. E3

D. None of the above


11. The development of very potent siRNAs can be used to knock down KRAS at low nanomolar concentrations.

A. True

B. False


12. If you count all the gene isoforms, how many downstream effectors does RAS have?

A. 10

B. 25

C. 40

D. 50+


13. RAS is active when GTP hydrolyzes to GDP.

A. True

B. False


14. The oncogenes are activated in which cell type in mice fed tamoxifen?

A. Liver cells

B. Bladder cells

C. Pancreatic cells

D. Stomach cells


Putting Peptides to Work

15. The carbohydrate portion of a new bioadhesive acts as the crosslinker that defines the gel.

A. True

B. False


16. At physiological pH, polyamines carry which charge, making them toxic to microbes?

A. Positive

B. Negative

C. Neutral

D. Charge is irrelevant


17. Over 90% of approved anticancer drugs are delivered orally.

A. True

B. False


18. Which interleukin, released in minute amounts over time, can stimulate T cell-mediated tumor clearance?

A. IL-2

B. IL-7

C. IL-15

D. IL-22


Global Amplification: A New Look at Transcriptional Regulation

19. Among the many regulators of myc expression, it was found that protein factors were binding to a single-stranded DNA element in the promoter region.

A. True

B. False


20. Potassium permanganate (KMnO4) reduces nucleotides if they are not base-paired, disrupting the DNA structure so it cannot refold.

A. True

B. False


21. Myc is a basic helix-loop-helix _______ zipper transcription factor.

A. Lysine

B. Valine

C. Leucine

D. None of the above


Treating Bladder Cancer: From Primary Tumor to Metastasis

22. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is over-expressed in many bladder cancers.

A. True

B. False


23. The cell lines that express EGFR respond to photoimmunotherapy, with just a minute or two of exposure to light killing 90% of the cells.

A. True

B. False


24. In the Western world, bladder cancer is the _____ most common cancer in men.

A. 2nd

B. 3rd

C. 4th

D. 5th


25. Which substance is more sensitive than technetium-99 bone scans in detecting metastatic lesions in the bone?

A. Sodium fluoride

B. Potassium permanganate

C. Magnesium bromide

D. Calcium citrate


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