Quantum Units Education®

School-Level Factors Related to Violence

1. Bullying is both a form of violence in and of itself, as well as a risk factor for other more-serious forms of violence.

2. Ample research demonstrates that bullying is linked to decreased academic achievement, depression and anxiety, and substance use as well as more violent outcomes of suicide, criminality, and violence towards others for which of the following?

3. Although both boys and girls use social aggression, boys tend to utilize proportionally more social bullying than other forms.

4. National statistics indicate that _____ students are more likely to experience bullying victimization than all other groups.

5. Which of the following is an individual risk factor for bullying perpetration?

6. Which of the following family characteristics is linked to increased bullying perpetration?

7. Emerging research suggests that those who are not the most popular, but are on the verge of becoming so, are the most likely to engage in bullying behavior, suggesting that bullying may actually play a social function in their peer networks.

8. Friendships, and the quality thereof, influence antisocial and violent behavior.

9. Lack of close friendships and other relationships, particularly among girls, has been linked to violent behaviors, such as drug use, suicide, or violence towards others.

10. Homophily is related to:

11. School connectedness is thought to foster positive outcomes and demote negative outcomes through:

12. Those who completed high-school have lower rates of crime, arrests, and incarceration compared to high-school dropouts.

13. Which of the following components of school climate refers to indicators that bind the school community together, such as relationships among and between students, parents, and staff, respect for diversity, and participation in school activities?

14. Positive school climate, in and of itself, is a protective factor for various outcomes, including violent outcomes, but this relation is bidirectional such that various outcomes and behaviors also shape school climate.

Community and Societal-Level Factors Related to Violence

15. One neighborhood characteristic that may act as a protective factor against violence by residents and visitors, including police, even in disadvantaged neighborhoods, is:

16. The basis for neighborhood efficacy appears to be trust, shared values and expectations, along with networks and collective action.

17. High gun availability alone explains the high rate of gun related deaths in the U.S.

18. Research suggests that violent media has a universal impact, regardless of age, sex, and trait aggression, on violent behavior and violence-related outcomes.

Intervention Approaches by Sector

19. Not only can schools work toward improving issues related to violence from the school and classroom level, but given their regular interactions with children and their families, schools are in a unique position to address individual correlates of violence and engage caregivers.

20. Which of the following is an individual characteristic that the education sector can serve to address?

21. All of the following are key roles of the health sector, except for:

22. Which of the following explains how substance abuse has a generational effect on violence?

23. In recent years, the health sector has been included in the prevention of child maltreatment.  This is promising because children are bound to have contact with health professionals at least once a year during a child wellness visit.

24. There is promising evidence to suggest that screening for child abuse among the children of adults who present in an Emergency Room with problems related to which of the following can be an effective way to identify children at risk for maltreatment?

25. The AAP recommends that pediatricians screen mothers for postpartum depression at all of the following, except:

Discussion, Conclusions, and Suggestions for Research

26. Substantial research on child development has identified factors that will undermine child well-being, including:

27. Despite the media emphasis on mental health issues as a major cause of violence, research indicates that mental health problems are only infrequently a cause of violence and are more often associated with an increased risk of victimization.

28. Parent mental health can represent a risk factor for children if parents are unable to build positive relationships and provide consistent positive parenting.

29. Unplanned childbearing is a predictor of delinquency, crime, and gang violence.

30. A lack of self-regulation can result in bullying and being a bully can mean that a child isn’t accepted by prosocial peers, so they fall in with antisocial peers such that self-regulation is further undermined.