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Overview of THRIVES

1. Violence against children is often hidden from the attention of governments and society, and in many countries, prevalence estimates of such violence come from administrative data rather than from national survey data, and, therefore, the true magnitude of the problem is vastly underestimated.

2. The public health consequences of violence are pervasive, enduring, and costly, and strong evidence confirms that childhood violence increases the risks of injury, HIV, mental health problems, delayed cognitive development, reproductive health problems, involvement in sex trafficking, and non-communicable diseases (NCDs).

THRIVES

3. In order to help countries prioritize the reduction of violence against children, THRIVES presents a select group of complementary strategies containing effective or promising evidence-based interventions that include:

4. THRIVES strategies span health, social services, education, and justice sectors, and include each of the following EXCEPT:

Training in Parenting: Evidence

5. A CDC review of various interventions found evidence to support the use of home visitation programs to reduce maltreatment among older children and adolescents, which in turn reduced acting out behavior among these young people.

Household Economic Strengthening: Rationale

6. Strengthening the economic conditions of households with children is an important step in preventing violence against children, and strong empirical evidence links household economic circumstances to a variety of outcomes, including health and safety, peer and family relationships, and:

Reduce Violence Through Legal Protections: Interventions

7. Which of the following is NOT once of the four key areas where legal protections could be particularly helpful to prevent violence against children?

Improved Services For Victims and Perpetrators

8. Strong empirical evidence has shown that the two main benefits of providing counseling and support services for victims and perpetrators have been decreases in the long-term recurrence of violence, and mitigation of the negative health consequences of violence against children and youth, such as bruises, broken bones, and chronic pain.

Evidence

9. Evidence suggests that both individual and group trauma-informed cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) are considered effective for reducing the health and social consequences of violence against children, having large effects on trauma symptoms and functional impairment.

Values and Norms that Protect Children-Rationale:

10. Two types of beliefs and expectations about how members of the group should behave that are particularly relevant to preventing violence against children are norms about parenting disciplinary practices and:

Interventions

11. Several types of interventions seek to change attitudes and beliefs about social norms, with most work in this area being focused on single-session parenting norm interventions geared toward specific groups.

Education and Life Skills Building

12. Gains in education protect victimization and perpetration of violence, and schools provide a setting to educate large groups of children about reducing violent behaviors.

Interventions

13. Addressing structural factors that keep youth out of school, as well as providing children with knowledge and skills to support alternatives to violent behavior, such as relationship development, problem-solving skills, and _____________, are important avenues for preventing violence against children.  

Evidence

14. The U.S. Task Force on Community Preventive Services has found strong evidence that universal, school-based life skills and health programs focused on a constellation of issues for youth are effective in decreasing violence rates among children.

Surveillance and Evaluation

15. Extensive population-based national and international surveillance data and evaluation studies to effectively address violence against children have recently been conducted in low and middle income countries, as experts have increasingly recognized the importance of focusing on these populations.