Quantum Units Education®

Chapter One: Background and Overview

1. Tragic events of terrorism and violence affect our country as a whole, residents in the affected community, as well as the lives of those directly victimized. 

2. The U.S. Department of Justice’s (DOJ) Office for Victims of Crime (OVC) has developed a working definition of “mass violence” which includes:  

3. Post disaster mental health recovery programs strive to assist the community through education, support, and:

Purpose of the Manual

4. Essential components of a crisis response include each of the following EXCEPT:

Chapter II: Human Responses to Mass Violence and Terrorism

5. Risk factors contribute to the variability in individuals' responses to identical exposures to severe trauma.

Comparison of Mass Violent Victimization and Natural Disasters

6. Which of the following is NOT one of the basic world assumptions that may be altered after mass violent victimization?

7. Survivors from cultural, racial, and ethnic groups, people with disabilities, and the elderly on fixed incomes experience greater barriers to recovery from natural disasters than other populations.

Traumatic Events and Stressor Characteristics

8. Traumatic events and stressors are generally equal in their potential for psychological impact.

9. Though terrorist acts are calculated, they are designed to be:  

Survivor Characteristics

10. In the immediate aftermath of severely traumatic events, initial physiological and psychological reactions are linked to the event but as time passes, ______________________ play increasingly important roles in alleviating or worsening these reactions.

Immediate Adult Reactions to Trauma Victimization and Sudden Bereavement

11. Post-trauma responses that are expressed through cognitive reactions include:

Traumatic Bereavement

12. This interplay of trauma and grief often intensifies symptoms common to each of these issues.

Children and Adolescents: Priority Considerations and Reactions

13. Unlike adults, children do not usually experience the full range of post traumatic stress reactions.

Post-Trauma and Grief Reactions

14. Post trauma and grief reactions of school age children from six to eleven years old include:

Cultural and Ethnic Groups: Priority Considerations and Reactions

15. When cultural or racial groups within a community are affected by an incident involving mass criminal victimization, ____________________ dictate how traumatic stress and grief are experienced and expressed.  

Chapter III: Mental Health Intervention

16. Mental health services should be practical, accessible, empowering, and compassionate following a disaster.

Key Principles for Mental Health Intervention

17. Some crises survivors manage their intense reactions through protective denial and distancing, which enables them to gradually come to realize the magnitude of the tragedy and loss.

Immediate Mental Health Intervention

18. Mental health responders have four immediate intervention goals which include each of the following EXCEPT:  

Crisis Intervention

19. The primary goals of crisis intervention involve normalizing stress reactions to trauma and loss, as well as re-establishing routines.

Community Outreach

20. Outreach mental health workers should not initiate conversations with survivors, but rather wait for the survivors to ask for help.  

21. The most commonly used debriefing technique in the aftermath of traumatic events is the ____________________ model.

Long-Term Mental Health Interventions with Adults

22. After a crisis, specialized services should be provided by mental health professionals with training in treating PTSD, depression, anxiety, and traumatic bereavement.  

Crime Victim Services

23. Crime victim assistance seeks to safeguard victims' rights by: 

Brief Counseling

24. Brief dynamic therapy focuses on teaching skills to manage anxiety, cope with stressors, and challenge irrational and maladaptive thoughts.

Support Groups

25. Which of the following accurately describes the use of group treatment for survivors?

Immediate Mental Health Interventions for Children and Adolescents

26. Established play areas are ideal and natural locations to provide focused therapy for children after a disaster.

School Interventions

27. The school environment provides an ideal locus for mental health contact following a crisis because it is familiar and offers structure in a group setting.

Long Term Interventions for Children and Adolescents-Goals and Priorites

28. Mental health interventions should address grief and the interplay of:

Adolescent and Children Support Groups

29. Support groups offered for highly exposed and traumatized children and adolescents should follow a structured format over 10 to 14 weeks.

Considerations for Interventions With Cultural and Ethnic Groups

30. Mental health respondents should strive to understand and respect different cultural definitions of personal well-being and recovery from traumatic events.

Key Events with Mental Health Implications

31. While mental health professionals typically do not deliver information regarding deaths after mass crises, they may participate on teams with the person responsible for this notification.

Events Involved in Criminal Justice Proceedings

32. Following criminal victimization, trial proceedings and outcomes may provide relief to some, but other victims may continue to suffer from the lack of closure and appropriate justice.  

Symbolic Gestures

33. Symbols and rituals can have profound significance for people who are searching to find courage, hope, and _________ after disaster and trauma.

Reactions to Trauma and Suggestions for Intervention

34. Physical symptoms that children ages 1-5 may experience after trauma include skin irritations and exhaustion.

35. When working with older adults, crisis workers should assist them with prioritizing and problem solving while discouraging them from discussing traumatic experiences and losses.

Chapter IV: Organizational Preparation and Response to Mass Violence and Terrorism and the Mental Health Role

36. During a community emergency response phase, mental health workers should have a support role and operate in settings and circumstances controlled by other entities.

Emergency Operations

37. Which of the following in NOT one of the four functional components that support incident management in emergency operations?    

Crisis Mental Health Response

38. A crisis mental health response plan should be developed before a disaster occurs in order to provide more efficient services.  

Key Considerations for Mental Health Providers Responding to Criminal Mass Violence

39. The mental health response after mass violence must be subordinate to the emergency response, the goals of law enforcement, and the criminal investigation process.  

Crisis Mental Health Response: Future Directions

40. Crisis mental health responders may be drawn from community mental health centers and:  

41. The State disaster mental health coordinators' responsibilities typically include maintaining cooperative relationships with state, federal and  __________ agencies involved in emergency and disaster response.

Long-Term Mental Health and Crime Victim Assistance Services

42. The Office for Victims of Crime (OVC) provides assistance which includes funding for counseling, community needs assessment, crime victim services, and technical assistance and training.  

Chapter V: Stress Prevention, Management, and Intervention

43. Despite the inevitable stresses and challenges associated with community crisis response, workers often experience personal gratification from using their skills and training to assist fellow humans in need.

Sources of Stress

44. Mental health worker stress results from the interaction of each of the following factors EXCEPT:

45. Empathic fatigue and simultaneous traumatization are terms that describe the gradual psychological and physical erosion that can occur when mental health providers become overloaded.  

Environmental Context

46. It is recommended that organizations adhere to administrative controls such as limiting shifts to no more than ____ hours.

Environmental and Organizational Approaches for Stress Prevention and Management

47. An immediate organizational plan for stress management should include confidential individual counseling for personal issues.

Individual Context

48. The individual component of a staff stress management program should address:

Signs and Symptoms of Worker Stress

49. Change in activity level as well as decreased efficiency and effectiveness are referred to as behavioral stress reactions.

50. Functioning is likely to be impaired when mental health responders experience a number of stress reactions simultaneously and with moderate intensity.

Rewards and Joys of Disaster Work

51. Assisting people as they struggle to put their lives back together is fundamentally meaningful and mental health workers often learn about their own:      

Chapter VI: Setting Up Training

52. For trauma workers who are also survivors an important function of crisis mental health training is to serve as a psychological “debriefing” for them.

Chapter VII: Comprehensive Training Course Outline

53. The comprehensive training course usually requires _____ days depending on the material presented and is organized into modules that require _____ hours.        

Course Objectives

54. Training objectives should include identifying the differences between natural, criminally and human-caused disasters.

55. The time and content emphasis devoted to each module varies according to:  

Module 1: Introduction

56. During the introduction training module, trainers should familiarize themselves with the audience while highlighting their experiences with trauma, crisis, crime, and/or disaster.

Module 2: Criminal Mass Victimization

57. When describing current mass victimization, providers should include the nature of the populations affected, recovery and relief efforts, and status of criminal investigation and criminal justice proceedings.

Module 3: Adult Responses to Mass Violence and Terrorism

58. Adults who survive mass violence and terrorism often experience an interplay of trauma and ________.  

Module 5: Community Crisis Response and Mental Health Interventions

59. Which of the following does NOT accurately describe how community crisis response differs from traditional therapy?  

Community Intervention

60. Community groups who could benefit from crisis response include primary care providers, health care professionals, disaster workers, faith-based counselors, and school teachers.

Module 6: Children’s and Adolescents’ Reactions and Interventions-Psychological Tasks

61. In order to integrate traumatic experiences and move on, children must be able to accomplish certain psychological tasks that are impacted by age and:  

School and Community Projects

62. When children have an opportunity to participate in creative activities following a trauma, they are given a vehicle for expression, validation and normalization.  

Module 7: Cultural and Ethnic Considerations and Interventions

63. When working with cultural, ethnic, racial, immigrant, and refugee groups affected by a disaster, staff must acquire cultural competency with and earn the acceptance of the affected groups in the community.

Module 8: Planning Workgroups

64. Groups that require special focus after a crisis or trauma include children, older adults, traumatically bereaved family members, people who lost their jobs as a result of the disaster and:

Module 9: Stress Prevention, Management, and Intervention

65. Work place stress management and intervention should promote team support and:

Module 9 Stress Prevention, Management, and Intervention

66. Stress reduction exercises may be introduced during training to promote self-care and group encouragement.

Training Overheads:Survivor Risk and Resiliency

67. Family stability, social support, socioeconomics, and educational achievements are pertinent factors in determining risk and resiliency for mass violence survivors.

Models of Responses to Trauma and Bereavement

68. For trauma or violence survivors, it may take up to five years to come to terms with new realities and to reconstruct a new life.

Mental Health Roles in Crisis Response

69. Part of the responsibility of mental health professionals is to provide psycho-education through:

Psychological First-Aid

70. The primary goals of psychological first-aid are to reinforce priorities and address emotional and personal needs.