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1. According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, the most common curable STD in young, sexually active women is:
A. Chlamydia
B. Trichomoniasis
C. Gonorrhea
D. Genital human papillomavirus (HPV)
2. Trichomoniasis is a common STD caused by the single-celled protozoan parasite, Trichomonas vaginalis. Which of the following is an accurate statement about the disease?
A. The vagina is the most common site of infection in women, and the penis is the most common site of infection in men
B. Some women have signs or symptoms of infection which include a frothy, yellow-green vaginal discharge with a strong odor, and the symptoms usually appear within two or three days
C. For both men and women, a health care provider must perform a physical examination and laboratory test to diagnose trichomoniasis, and the parasite is generally harder to detect in women than in men
D. Trichomoniasis can usually be cured with prescription drugs, either metronidazole or tinidazole, given by mouth in a single dose
3. In 2006 in the United States, health officials reported over 36,000 cases of syphilis, with the highest incidences occurring in women ________ years of age and in men _________ years of age.
A. 25 to 29; 20 to 24
B. 30 to 34; 25 to 29
C. 20 to 24; 35 to 39
D. 25 to 29; 30 to 34
4. The development of a rash on one or more areas of the body and mucous membrane lesions characterize the primary stage of syphilis.
A. True
B. False
5. Increases in syphilis among men who have sex with men (MSN) have been reported, and in the recent outbreaks, high rates of HIV co-infection were documented, in part because genital sores caused by syphilis also make it easier to transmit and acquire HIV infection sexually.
A. True
B. False
6. Some STDs are quite common in pregnant women in the United States, as demonstrated correctly in each of the following statements EXCEPT:
A. Some STDs like gonorrhea and chlamydia cross the placenta and infect the baby while it is in the uterus, while others, such as syphilis can be transmitted from the mother to the baby during delivery
B. A pregnant woman with an STD may have early onset of labor, premature membrane rupture, and uterine infection after delivery, and harmful effects of STDs on the baby may include stillbirth, low birth weight, blindness, deafness, neurologic damage, and others
C. Chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, trichomoniasis, and bacterial vaginosis can be treated and cured with antibiotics during pregnancy, and while there is no cure for viral STDs, the use of antiviral medication may be appropriate
D. After bacterial vaginosis and herpes simplex virus 2, chlamydia and trichomoniasis are the most common STDs among pregnant women
7. Which of the following statements does NOT accurately describe the connection between STDs and HIV?
A. There is substantial biological evidence demonstrating that the presence of other STDs increases the likelihood of both transmitting and acquiring HIV, because of increased susceptibility and increased infectiousness
B. Strong STD prevention, testing, and treatment can play a vital role in comprehensive programs to prevent sexual transmission of HIV, and STD trends can offer important insights into where the HIV epidemic may grow
C. Studies have shown that treating STDs in HIV-infected individuals decreases both the amount of HIV in genital secretions and how frequently HIV is found in those secretions
D. Individuals who are infected with STDs are at least one to three times more likely than uninfected individuals to acquire HIV infection if they are exposed to the virus through sexual contact
8. Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is a general term that refers to infection of the uterus, fallopian tubes, and other reproductive organs, and sexually active women in their childbearing years are most at risk, especially those under the age of ____.
A. 29
B. 27
C. 25
D. 23
9. Without treatment, PID can cause permanent damage to the female reproductive organs, and about one in six women with PID becomes infertile.
A. True
B. False
10. Because of the difficulty in identifying organisms infecting the internal reproductive organs and because more than one organism may be responsible for an episode of PID, the disease is usually treated with at least two antibiotics that are effective against a wide range of infectious agents.
A. True
B. False
11. Which of the following most accurately describes occurrence rates and signs/symptoms of gonorrhea?
A. CDC estimates that more than 800,000 persons in the U.S. get new gonorrheal infections each year, and that in 2006, the rate of reported gonorrheal infections was 110 per 100,000 persons
B. In the United States, the highest reported rates of infection are among sexually active teenagers and men who have sex with men
C. Most women who are infected have no symptoms, but if they do have them, symptoms can be so non-specific as to be mistaken for a bladder or vaginal infection
D. Some men with gonorrhea may have no symptoms at all, but some men have signs or symptoms that appear four to six days after infection, or that can take as long as 20 days to appear
12. In men, gonorrhea can cause a painful condition of the ducts attached to the testicles that may lead to infertility if left untreated, and this condition is known as:
A. Papillomatosis
B. Epididymitis
C. Treponemasis
D. None of the above
13. Genital human papillomavirus (HPV) is a common sexually transmitted infection (STI), and although most people with HPV do not develop symptoms or health problems, sometimes certain types of HPV can cause genital warts, cervical cancer, and other less common cancers.
A. True
B. False
14. Which of the following is an accurate statement about the frequency of HPV and related diseases?
A. Approximately 20 million Americans are currently infected with HPV, another 6.2 million people become newly infected each year, and at least 50% of sexually active men and women acquire genital HPV infection at some point in their lives
B. About 3% of sexually active adults in the U.S. have genital warts at any one time
C. The American Cancer Society estimated that in 2008, 15,060 women would be diagnosed with cervical cancer and 1,540 men would be diagnosed with penile and other male genital cancers
D. All of the above
15. Genital herpes is caused by the herpes simplex viruses type 1 (HSV-1) or type 2 (HSV-2), and at least __________ people ages 12 and older, or ___________ adolescents and adults, have had genital HSV infection.
A. 30 million; 1 out of 10
B. 35 million; 1 out of 5
C. 40 million; 1 out of 10
D. 45 million; 1 out of 5
16. Health care providers can diagnose genital herpes by visual inspection if the outbreak is typical, by taking a sample from the sore(s) and testing it in a laboratory, or by the use of a blood test in between outbreaks.
A. True
B. False
17. Chlamydia is known as a silent STD because about half of infected women and about three quarters of infected men have no symptoms.
A. True
B. False
18. Each of the following is a true statement about complications resulting in untreated chlamydia EXCEPT:
A. Women infected with chlamydia are up to five times more likely to become infected with HIV, if exposed
B. Although complications among men are rare, infection sometimes spreads to the epididymis, causing pain, fever, and, rarely, sterility
C. Occasionally, genital chlamydial infection can cause arthritis that can be accompanied by skin lesions and inflammation of the eye and urethra, known as Reiter's syndrome
D. In women, untreated infection can spread into the uterus or fallopian tubes and cause pelvic inflammatory disease, which happens in up to 30 percent of women with untreated chlamydia
19. Bacterial Vaginosis (BV), the most common vaginal infection in women of childbearing age, occurs when the normal balance of bacteria in the vagina is disrupted and replaced by an overgrowth of certain bacteria.
A. True
B. False
20. Which of the following most accurately describes the causes, complications, and treatment of bacterial vaginosis?
A. When a health care provider sees signs of BV, laboratory tests can be performed on a sample of vaginal fluid to look for bacteria associated with the condition
B. In most cases, untreated BV causes serious complications such as the increase in the development of infections and an increased likelihood of developing herpes, chlamydia and gonorrhea
C. BV is treatable with antibiotics prescribed by a health care provider, and the two recommended antibiotics include erythromycin and doxycycline
D. None of the above
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