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1. Each of the following correctly describes the connection between TB and HIV EXCEPT:
A. HIV is the strongest risk factor for developing tuberculosis (TB) disease in those with latent or new Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection
B. TB is responsible for more than a quarter of deaths among people living with HIV
C. Relatively more men than women were detected to have TB in countries with a prevalence of HIV infection of more than 1%
D. A high rate of previously undiagnosed TB is common among people living with HIV
2. Isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) is a key public health intervention for the prevention of TB among people living with HIV and has been recommended as part of a comprehensive HIV and AIDS care strategy.
A. True
B. False
3. Adults and adolescents living with HIV who have an unknown or positive tuberculin skin test (TST) status and who are unlikely to have active TB should receive at least ______ months of IPT as part of a comprehensive package of HIV care.
A. Three
B. Four
C. Five
D. Six
4. Pregnant women living with HIV are at risk for TB, which can impact maternal and perinatal outcomes, and they should have access to TB screening and receive IPT.
A. True
B. False
5. Adults and adolescents living with HIV should screen for TB if they have which of the following symptoms?
A. Current cough and fever
B. Weight loss
C. Night sweats
D. All of the above
6. Multiple studies in people living with HIV demonstrate that IPT is equally effective in people with positive and negative tuberculin skin tests.
A. True
B. False
7. Observation data for adherence to IPT indicated that the rates of cooperation varied widely from 26% to 64%.
A. True
B. False
8. Although numerous studies demonstrate that IPT is not necessarily cost-effective, it is still recommended for wide use within comprehensive HIV prevention, care, and treatment services because it is a reflects good clinical practice.
A. True
B. False
9. In settings where the HIV epidemic is generalized, HIV serological testing is recommended for mothers or their infants in order to establish exposure status when infant HIV exposure is unknown and when they are:
A. Less than six weeks old
B. Six to ten weeks old
C. Eleven to fifteen weeks old
D. None of the above
10. Contact history with a known TB case should raise the clinical suspicion of tuberculosis in children living with HIV.
A. True
B. False
11. Children living with HIV who are less than 12 months of age should receive IPT under each of the following circumstances EXCEPT:
A. If they have had contact with a TB case
B. If they are able to receive three consecutive months of IPT treatment
C. If they are evaluated for TB using investigations
D. If their evaluation shows no TB disease
12. Experts are recommending evaluation of the role of vitamin B6 alone or in combination with other substances as part of TB prevention strategies.
A. True
B. False
13. Hepatitis B is a disease characterized by inflammation of the liver which may cause organs to fail to work properly.
A. True
B. False
14. Hepatitis B can be transferred through contact with an infected person's blood, semen, or bodily fluid, but it is unlikely to be contacted from using an infected person's razor or toothbrush.
A. True
B. False
15. Which of the following are NOT possible symptoms of Hepatitis B?
A. Swollen stomach or ankles and easy bruising
B. Tiredness and jaundice
C. Fever and loss of appetite
D. Dark-colored stools and constipation
16. Hepatitis B is considered chronic when the body can't get rid of the virus, and the population most likely to get chronic hepatitis B is the elderly.
A. True
B. False
17. If chronic hepatitis B is suspected, a liver biopsy may be recommended.
A. True
B. False
18. An injectable drug used to treat chronic hepatitis B is:
A. Lamivudine
B. Telbivudine
C. Adefovir
D. Peginterferon
19. The Hepatitis B vaccine is is not recommended for pregnant women or children under the age of sixteen.
A. True
B. False
20. The hepatitis vaccine should be given in a series of three shots, and it is very unlikely that any protection from the virus will be provided unless the entire series is given.
A. True
B. False
21. While Hepatitis B usually has no symptoms, adults and children ages five and older may sometimes have jaundice or other indicators of the disease.
A. True
B. False
22. Chronic hepatitis B is generally treated with drugs that slow or stop the virus from damaging the liver, but scientists are researching better strategies for using antiviral medicines to treat the disease.
A. True
B. False
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