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The Impact of Underage Drinking

Adolescent Brain Development

1. In a study comparing the brains of youth ages 14 to 21 who did and did not abuse alcohol, researchers found that the hippocampi of drinkers were about ____ percent smaller than in those who did not drink.

A. 20

B. 15

C. 10

D. 5


Personal Characteristics of Underage Drinkers

2. Many studies have identified personal characteristics that may increase the likelihood that a youth will engage in underage drinking, including:

A. Impulsive, excitement-seeking, or rebellious behavior

B. Mental health issues

C. Experiences of physical or sexual abuse

D. All of the above


Peer and Social Influences

3. Youth who demonstrate a high involvement in their school, as evidenced by good grades or participation in extracurricular and/or academic activities, are less likely to engage in underage drinking.

A. True

B. False


Advertising and Media Influences

4. Many empirical studies have examined the effects of alcohol advertising in the media, and have demonstrated that alcohol advertising may influence the beliefs and behaviors of young people, causing them to drink illegally.

A. True

B. False


Neurological Consequences of Underage Drinking

5. Each of the following is an accurate statement about the neurological consequences of underage drinking EXCEPT:

A. Alcohol use by adolescents is associated with abnormalities in the volume of the prefrontal cortex

B. Alcohol can activate the pleasure-producing chemistry of the brain and release the pleasure-enhancing chemical dopamine

C. Adolescents have a diminished sensitivity to intoxication, possibly because they have higher metabolic rates

D. Severe or chronic alcohol use among male adolescents may limit the development of their prefrontal cortex more than it does for females


Risky Sexual Behavior

6. One study showed that 25 percent of youth who engaged in frequent heavy drinking reported having at least six different partners, compared with only 8 percent of youth who do not drink.

A. True

B. False


Stages of Alcohol Involvement

7. During Stage 2 of Youth Alcohol Involvement, young people fail to fulfill major role obligations at work, school, or home.

A. True

B. False


Driving While Impaired

8. In 2009, 19 percent of drivers ages 16-20 who were involved in fatal crashes had a blood alcohol concentration over the legal adult limit.

A. True

B. False


Social and Emotional Consequences of Underage Drinking

9. Frequent, heavy use of alcohol has been associated with low self-esteem, depression, conduct disorders, antisocial behavior, anxiety, poor self-control and alienation in adolescents.

A. True

B. False


Family Consequences of Underage Drinking

10. The consequences of underage drinking may precipitate a family crisis while family members struggle to control the situation, become resentful, feel guilty, and blame themselves and other family members for the problems that occur.

A. True

B. False


Economic Consequences of Underage Drinking

11. The Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation recently estimated the total cost of underage drinking to be:

A. $60 billion

B. $64 billion

C. $68 billion

D. $72 billion


Conclusion

12. Communities and the justice system must provide prevention, ____________, and treatment services early so that youth stop drinking, start living productive lives, and contribute to their communities.

A. Skill-building

B. Intervention

C. Extracurricular

D. Family-focused


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